Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are common structural motifs in natural products and bioactive molecules. Therefore, developing efficient new synthetic methods can greatly contribute to the fields of natural product and pharmaceutical synthesis. In this study, an intramolecular Wittig reaction—previously developed in our laboratory—was adopted as the key synthetic strategy. Unsaturated pyrrolidine-2,3-dione derivatives were designed as starting materials and subjected to a one-pot reaction with organophosphorus and acylation reagents. The reaction sequence involves a 1,4-addition of the organophosphorus reagent, followed by acylation with the acylating agent, and finally an intramolecular Wittig reaction to afford derivatives bearing the target furo[2,3-c]pyrrole framework. As there are no exact precedents for this type of derivative in synthetic methodology, we optimized the reaction conditions during the synthesis process to broaden its applicability. The resulting furo[2,3-c]pyrrole derivatives were purified and structurally characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry, and their reaction yields were subsequently measured and calculated.