This study primarily investigates feasible approaches for 3D image reconstruction. After analyzing different reconstruction methods, a principle combining structured light and time-encoding techniques was ultimately adopted to establish a simple yet effective phase retrieval experimental system. Four known structured light patterns (fringe patterns) were projected, and for each, both the original projected pattern and its deformed counterpart—caused by the surface profile of the object under test—were sequentially captured. The two-dimensional images were then processed using MATLAB. Applying the four-step phase-shifting method, the four original fringe images and four deformed fringe images were respectively reconstructed using phase unwrapping and the frequency-shifting phase method. Finally, the three-dimensional morphology of the object was recovered, enabling an evaluation of the effectiveness of this 3D reconstruction approach.