By analyzing experiments conducted with a centrifugal spinning device that fabricates water-absorbing gelatin fiber films, this study aims to examine the effects of manipulating chemical variables, namely gelatin concentration and ethanol content, as well as mechanical variables, namely rotation speed and nozzle diameter, on expected outcomes regarding fiber formation rate, morphology, and other properties (e.g., water absorbency, tensile strength). The experimental results reveal that high-concentration gelatin solutions (12 g of gelatin dissolved in 30 mL of deionized water) and the addition of a moderate amount (10 mL) of ethanol can form fibers with optimal properties via centrifugal spinning. Furthermore, the addition of ethanol accelerates solvent evaporation, improving the fiber formation rate to 75–85%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations show that fiber diameters range from 40 to 116 μm and are influenced by rotation speed and needle size; higher rotation speeds and smaller needles tend to cause uneven fiber thickness. Notably, water absorption tests show that the water absorption capacity of all fiber films is superior to that of commercial medical gauze (approximately 5–7 times), though no significant differences were observed between groups, likely due to similar material properties; however, water absorption speed exhibited a larger standard deviation (approximately 1–3 seconds) due to inconsistent fiber morphology. In tensile strength tests, samples with a 7200-rpm rotation speed and 21G needles achieved a tensile strength of 4.93 MPa, close to that of medical gauze (5.78 MPa), but high-speed groups showed inconsistent performance. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of low-cost centrifugal spinning machines, providing a foundation for the low-cost manufacture of medical-grade superabsorbent membranes; in the long term, future improvements in parameters and crosslinking technology could enhance their application potential.